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Technology |
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EMI/RFI: Materials and Technologies
Publication Date June 2007
Publisher Business Communications Company
Product Type
Pages not applicable
ISBN Number not applicable
Product Code BCC078
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Summary
Introduction
This study is an updated version of previous EMI/RFI shielding reports. The objective in each report is to review and analyze electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) problems, along with electrostatic dissipation (ESD) issues encountered in the operation of electronic equipment and implications for plastics and competitive materials/technologies used to suppress that interference.
In each study, past trends in plastics EMI/RFI shielding are compared to those forecast for the near-term future. There are several important differences between the shielding industry of today compared with several years ago led by the increased number and quantity of devices and components requiring shielding.
Another issue is the ever increasing frequencies being encountered along with the proliferation of wireless devices, which may result in shifting of shielding options. The impact of other technologies such as Bluetooth, absorptive EMI, and fiber optics will be assessed. In addition, this study will analyze and quantify effects on material usage caused by these and other issues.
Scope Of Study
- This report: Analyzes state-of-the-art EMI/RFI shielding materials options and compliance issues in demanding applications such as healthcare, aircraft, manufacturing, consumer products and many other critical areas of the economy.
- Provides a complete technical/economic analysis with quantitative market forecasts by material and by application.
- Quantifies market demand for, and applications of, shielding options by type and by material. Performance characteristics of the shielding options are noted and evaluated.
- Includes the markets for all key materials such as coatings, cabinets, plastics and polymers, alloys, tapes, films, gaskets, fibers, fabrics, plating and many other materials including emerging technologies such as carbon nanotubes.
- Updates patent developments, R&D initiatives, market shares and changes in the competitive landscape. Includes complete company profiles and industry structure.
Report Highlights
- Demand for EMI/RFI shielding options is estimated to have been about $725 million in 2006 and is expected to marginally increase to only $745 million by 2012. This forecasted low growth is due primarily to ever increasing activity offshore, especially China.
- Major shielding options include metal cabinets, conductive coatings, conductive plastics/elastomers, laminates/tapes, and a widely diverse "miscellaneous" category.
- Metal cabinets will show the strongest growth of 5.6%/year due to several factors led by increased use of higher frequencies. They should reach a value of $182 million by 2012. Many of the other EMI/RFI shielding types are undergoing modest growth.
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Content
- Introduction
- Study Objectives
- Scope And Format
- Methodology
- Contribution Of The Study
- About The Author
- Related Bcc Reports
- Bcc Online Services
- Disclaimer
- Summary
- Summary Table: Emi/Rfi Shielding Options By Type, Through 2012 ($ Millions)
- Summary Figure: Emi/Rfi Shielding Options By Type, 2006-2012 ($ Millions)
- Principles Of Electromagnetism
- Symbols And Terminology
- Electromagnetic Energy
- Radiation
- Conduction
- Impedance
- Electrostatic Discharge (Esd)
- Electromagnetic Fields
- Electromagnetic Interference And Radio Frequency Interference
- Summary Of Definitions And Ranges
- Distinctions Between Emc And Emi
- Mechanisms Of Shielding
- Background
- Major Emi Problem Areas
- Overview Of Emi Shielding
- Shielding Effectiveness
- Attenuation
- Electromagnetic Compatibility
- Emc Control
- Shielding Performance
- Overview
- Absorption
- Reflectance
- Permeability
- Galvanic Corrosion And Metals Compatibility
- Relationship Between Conductivity And Resistivity
- Effects Of Emi/Rfi And Static Electricity
- Background
- The Importance Of Shielding
- Controlling Emi/Rfi
- Background
- Review And Summary Of Emi Technology
- Use Of Thermoplastics
- Emi Shielding Compounds Versus Coatings
- Shielding Technologies And Materials
- Cost And Performance Characteristics Of The Shielding Options
- Cost Comparisons
- Performance Comparisons
- Metallization Processes
- Background
- Overview
- Metallization Materials
- Shielding Effectiveness Overview By Type Of Coating
- Conductive Plastics
- Overview
- Background
- Dielectric Properties Of Plastics
- Techniques For Making Plastics Conductive
- Overview
- Types Of Conductive Materials
- Functions
- Conductive Additive Selection
- Conductivity Tests
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Compounding Conductive Plastics
- Conductive Plastic Additives
- Overview
- Background
- Fibers And Powders
- Silver-Coatings
- Carbon Fibers And Powders
- Overview
- Carbon Fibers
- Carbon Blacks
- Metal Fibers
- Overview
- Advantages
- Metal Fiber Conductivity
- Metallized Glass Fibers
- Nickel-Coated Graphite Fibers
- Background
- Advantages
- Stainless Steel Fibers
- Overview
- Technology
- Effect On Processing
- Fiber Forms
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Suppliers
- Copper Fibers
- Conductive Filler Suppliers
- Carbon Nanotubes
- Overview
- USAge In Producing Electrically-Conductive Composites
- Overview
- Technical Problems
- Other Applications
- Computers
- Potential Automotive Applications
- Recent Research Activities
- Examples Of Specific New Products
- Company Activities
- Carbon Nanotube Producers/Suppliers
- Conductive Plastic Key Suppliers And Examples Of Their Products
- Boedeker Plastics
- Ciba Specialty Chemicals
- Eastman Chemical
- Lnp Engineering
- Noveon
- Polyone
- Rtp
- Eeonoyx
- Premix Thermoplastics
- Conductive Plastics Technical Issues
- Conductive Films
- Overview
- Examples Of Company Products
- Evaporated Coatings
- Southwall Technologies
- Inherently Conductive Polymers
- Background
- Product Characteristics And Applications
- Polyanilines
- Other Types Of Icps
- Pricing
- Prospects
- Comparison Of Conductivities Of Icps With Metals, Semiconductors, And Insulators
- Processing Options For Icps
- Inherently Dissipative Polymers (Idps)
- Conductive Elastomers
- Overview
- Examples Of Conductive Elastomer Products
- Conductive Coatings
- Background
- Overview
- Comparison Of Conductive Coatings
- Performance Of Alternate Conductive Coatings
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Conductive Coating Cost Comparisons
- Coated Plastics For Esd Control
- Coating Binders
- Solvent-Based Versus Waterborne Conductive Coatings
- Copper, Nickel, And Silver
- Advantages Of Copper Vs. Nickel
- Advantages Of Nickel Vs. Copper
- Silver
- Electroplated Coatings
- Electroless Plating
- Overview
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Applications
- Multilayers
- Measuring Shielding Effectiveness
- Direct Plate
- Vacuum Metallization
- Background
- Technology
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Industry Test Methods
- Vacuum Metallization Processes
- Direct Thermal Evaporation
- Electron Beam Coatings
- Cathode Sputtering
- Conductive Paints
- Overview
- Copper
- Silver
- Nickel
- Solvent Vs. Waterborne
- Paint Thicknesses
- Other Variables
- Application Of Conductive Paints
- Shielding Performance
- Conductive Paint Cost Comparisons
- Recent Developments Related To Conductive Coatings
- New Products
- Applied Coating Technology
- Tecknit
- Thermal (Arc) Spray
- Overview
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Improvements In Technology
- Examples Of Companies Involved
- Metallized Foil Laminates And Tapes
- Overview
- Flexible Foil Laminates
- Adhesive Metal Tapes
- Fabric Tapes
- Examples Of Company Products
- Soft Ferrites
- Overview
- Background
- Properties
- Choosing Ferrites For Emi Suppression
- Types Of Ferrite Shapes And Applications
- Companies Marketing Soft Ferrites
- New Products
- Shielding Components
- Gaskets
- Background
- Properties
- Selecting Gasket Types
- Gasket Types By Material
- Background
- Conductive Fabric Over Foam (Fabric-Clad Foam) Gaskets
- Stamped And Formed Metal Gaskets (Be/Cu Fingerstock)
- Conductive Elastomer Gaskets
- Wire Mesh Gaskets
- Some Technical And Commercial Considerations
- Installation Cost
- Shielding Gaskets For Higher Frequencies
- New Products
- Testing
- Filters
- Connectors And Cables
- Windows
- Background
- Shielding Performance
- Material Advantages And Disadvantages
- Maintenance And Performance Issues
- Representative Company Products
- Warth International
- Holland Shielding Systems
- Martex Corp.
- Enclosures
- Background
- Aesthetics
- Emi Leakage
- Cost Considerations
- Representative Suppliers Of Shielded Enclosures
- Universal Shielding Corp. (Redmond, Wa)
- Ferrishield, Inc. (Scranton, Pa)
- Rfi Industries (Victoria, Australia)
- Djm Electronics (San Diego, Ca)
- Metal Cabinets
- Background
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Cabinet Design
- Shielding Of Apertures
- Architectural Shielding
- Background
- Magnetic Shielding Versus Emi/Rfi Shielding
- Shielded Room Construction Types
- Components
- Architectural Shielding Using Copper
- New Developments/Products
- New Architectural Shielding System Provides Electromagnetic Field Protection
- Companies Involved
- Other Shielding Components
- Braids
- Background
- French Braid Shields
- Foil Shields
- Background
- Combination Foil/Braid Shields
- Adhesives
- Overview
- Representative Products
- Loctite
- Dow Corning
- 3m Co.
- Electrostatic Dissipation (Esd)
- Introduction
- Static Electricity Creates Charge
- Technology
- Background
- Triboelectric Series
- Trends
- Device Failures Due To Esd Damage
- How Much Static Protection Is Needed?
- Summing Up The Esd Scenario
- Esd Controls
- Background
- Conductive Materials For Esd Control
- Background
- Chemical Additives
- Technology
- Conductive Fillers
- Coated Sheets
- New Developments
- Permanent Antistats
- Carbon Nanotubes For Static Dissipation
- Representative Company Esd Products
- Rtp
- Quadrant Engineering Plastics
- Premix Thermoplastics
- Emi Shielding Markets
- Background
- Shielding Type Overview
- Redesigning Circuitry
- Emi Shielding Technology Market Overview
- Advantages/Disadvantages Of Major Types Of Shielding Technologies
- Offshore Scenario
- Quantitative Emi Market Aspects
- Metal Cabinets
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Conductive Coatings
- Electroless Plating
- Vacuum Metallization
- Conductive Paints
- Comments And Summation Of Key Issues Related To Conductive Coatings
- Laminates And Tapes
- Conductive Plastics And Elastomers
- Overview
- Comments And Summation Of Key Issues Related To Conductive Plastics/Elastomers
- Advantages And Disadvantages
- Other Factors
- Focus On Esd Applications
- Arc Spray
- Miscellaneous Shielding
- Industry/Emi Shielding Interface
- Electronic Industry
- The Next Table Provides Examples Of Various Components With Emi/Rfi Or Esd Problems And The Industries Affected.
- Trends In The Electronic Industry
- Emi Shielding Considerations
- Impact Of Standards
- Electronic Components
- Role Of Esd In The Electronic Industry
- Background
- Protecting Pcbs From Esd
- Economic Issues
- Esd Standards
- Overview
- Companies That Use Standards
- Major Semiconductor Companies
- Transportation Industry
- Overview
- Autos
- Background
- Emc Standards
- Materials Used
- Trends
- Selected Automotive Emc Test Specifications
- Cispr
- Iec
- Radiated Emissions And Immunity
- Global
- Aircraft
- Background
- Aircraft Emc Categories
- Healthcare Industry
- Overview
- Wireless Electronic Equipment Effects In Hospitals
- Background
- Wireless Phones And Hearing Aids
- Wireless Phones And Cardiac Pacemakers
- Wireless Phones And Icds
- Cellular Phone Interference
- Examples Of Critical Hospital Emi Areas
- Managing Hospital Emc
- Materials Used For Shielding Medical Devices
- Standards For Healthcare Emc
- Appliances
- Other Consumer Products
- Other Technologies Impacting Emi/Rfi Markets
- Fiber Optics
- Overview
- Technology
- Performance
- Markets
- Overview
- Telephone Based
- Cable Tv
- Internet
- Lighting
- Automotive
- Aircraft
- Market Size
- Bluetooth Technology
- Overview
- Interference
- Medical Applications
- Automotive Applications
- Absorptive Emi Technologies
- Concept Of "high Frequencies"
- Overview
- Increased USAge
- Impact On Shielding Choices
- Recent Patents
- On The Horizon
- Background
- Overview Of Advancements
- Specific Topics Of Interest
- Solving The Galvanic Corrosion Issue In Emi Shielding
- Electromagnetic Scanning
- Electromagnetic Interference Above 100 Mhz
- Other Topics
- Electromagnetic Compliance (Emc) Standards
- Background
- Some Basic Concepts
- Global Overview
- United States Requirements
- Overview
- Fcc Part 15 And Part 18 Updates
- Subassemblies
- Food And Drug Administration
- Electronic Devices
- American National Standards Institute (Ansi)
- Military Specifications
- Background
- Examples Of Other Emi-Related Military Specifications
- Aerospace And Commercial Emc Regulations
- International Regulations
- Overview
- Eu Requirements
- Overview
- New European Directive
- Background
- Details
- Comparison Between U.S. And Eu Emc Regulations
- The Concept Of Emc Standards
- Legal And Regulatory Sites
- Other Environmental Regulations
- Medical Emc: A Special Case
- Companies Involved In Emi Shielding
- Overview
- Selected Major Companies Involved In Emi/Rfi Shielding
- Company Profiles
- Ak Stamping Co.
- Alco Technologies (Torrance, Ca)
- Amphenol Canada (Toronto, Canada)
- Avx Corp. (Myrtle Beach, Sc)
- Bmi, Inc. (Schaumberg, Il)
- Chomerics-Division Of Parker Hannifin Corp. (Woburn, Ma)
- Coilcraft, Inc. (Cary, Il)
- Composite Materials Llc. (Mamaroneck, Ny)
- Cybershield, Inc. (Dallas, Tx)
- Dexter Corp. (Elk Grove Village, Il)
- Dow Corning (Midland, Mi)
- Enthone-Omi, Inc. (New Haven, Ct)
- Ferronics, Inc. (Fairport, Ny)
- Fujipoly America Corp. (Carteret, Nj)
- Greene Rubber Co. (Woburn, Ma)
- Laird Technologies (Delaware Water Gap, Pa)
- Leader Tech (Tampa, Fl)
- Magnetic Shield Corp. (Bensenville, Il)
- Marian, Inc. (Indianapolis, In)
- Majr Products (Saegertown, Pa)
- Martek, Inc. (Chesterfield, Mo)
- The Mushield Co. (Goffstown, Nh)
- Nextech, Intl (Minneapolis, Mn)
- Noveon (Brecksville, Oh)
- Omega Shielding Products, Inc. (Randolph, Nj)
- Orion Industries, Inc. (Ayer, Ma)
- Panashield, Inc. (Norwalk, Ct)
- Premix Thermoplastics (Milton, Wi)
- Presscut Industries (Carrollton, Tx)
- Quadrant Engineering Plastic Products (Reading, Pa)
- Rtp, Inc. (Winona, Mn)
- Sas Industries (Manorville, Ny)
- Schaffner Emc, Inc. (Edison, Nj)
- Schlegel Systems (Rochester, Ny)
- Seleco, Inc. (Indianapolis, In)
- Shieldex Trading USA (Palmyra, Ny)
- Silver Cloud Manufacturing Co. (Millville, Nj)
- Spectrum Control (Fairview, Pa)
- Steward, Inc. (Chattanooga, Tn)
- Stockwell Rubber Co., Inc. (Philadelphia, Pa)
- Sulzer Metco Canada (Ft Saskatchewan, Alberta)
- Tdk Corp. Of America (Mt. Prospect, Il)
- Tech-Etch, Inc. (Plymouth, Ma)
- Tecknit, Inc. (Cranford, Nj)
- 3m Electrical Markets Division (Austin, Tx)
- Tusonix, Inc. (Tucson, Az)
- Vanguard Products Corp. (Danbury, Ct)
- Vti Vacuum Technologies (Reedsburg, Wi)
- Zippertubing Co., Inc. (Los Angeles, Ca)
- Appendix
- Major Professional Societies
- Acronyms And Glossary Of Terms
- Acronyms And Glossary Of Terms
- List Of Tables
- Summary Table: Emi/Rfi Shielding Options By Type, Through 2012 ($ Millions)
- Table 1 Si Units And Their Symbols
- Table 2 Si Prefixes And Their Symbols
- Table 3 Frequency Levels And Band Names
- Table 4 Emi Transmitters And Receivers
- Table 5 General Ratings Of Shielding Effectiveness
- Table 6 Typical Materials For Low Frequency Magnetic Shielding
- Table 7 Anodic Indices For Metals
- Table 8 Comparison Of Emi Shielding Compounds And Conductive Coatings
- Table 9 Total Raw Material And Labor Costs Associated With The Major Shielding Options, 2007 ($/Sq.Ft)
- Table 10 Relative Cost Structure Of Various Shielding Options, 2007 ($/Sq.Ft )
- Table 11 Summary Of Strengths And Weaknesses Of Emi Shielding Options
- Table 12 Qualitative Ratings Of The Major Shielding Options
- Table 13 Metallization Materials: Functional Coatings
- Table 14 Plateable Resins
- Table 15 Shielding Effectiveness Of Key Coatings (Db Attenuation)
- Table 16 Dielectric Constants For Selected Materials
- Table 17 Methods Of Making Plastics Conductive
- Table 18 Surface Resistivity For Electronic Device Substrates
- Table 19 Resistance Spectrum For Methods Of Making Plastics Conductive (Ohms/Sq)
- Table 20 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Stainless Steel Fibers
- Table 21 Conductive Filler Suppliers
- Table 22 Selected Key Suppliers Of Carbon Nanotubes
- Table 23 Conductivities Of Doped Icps Compared With Metals, Semiconductors, And Insulators
- Table 24 Icp Processing Techniques
- Table 25 Stability And Processing Attributes Of Key Icps
- Table 26 Shielding Effectiveness Of Conductive Elastomers [Shielding Effectiveness (Db)]
- Table 27 Comparative Testing Of Conductive Elastomers For Galvanic Corrosion
- Table 28 Comparison Of Conductive Coatings By Conductivity And Shielding Effectiveness
- Table 29 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Conductive Coatings For Emi Shielding
- Table 30 Electroless Plating Processes
- Table 31 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electroless Plating For Emi Shielding
- Table 32 Selected Applications Using Electroless Plating For Emi Shielding
- Table 33 Sequence Of Steps For Electroless Plating Of Plastics
- Table 34 Relative Conductivity Of Shielding Metals
- Table 35 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Vacuum Metallization For Emi Shielding
- Table 36 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Zinc Arc Spray For Emi Shielding
- Table 37 Parameters For Ferrite Selection
- Table 38 Ferrite Applications By Shape
- Table 39 Typical Shielding Effectiveness For Major Types Of Gaskets
- Table 40 Comparison Of Window Shielding Materials
- Table 41 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Metal Cabinets For Emi Shielding
- Table 42 Comparison Of Architectural Shielding Technologies
- Table 43 Triboelectric Series For Selected Materials
- Table 44 North American Emi/Rfi Shielding Options By Type Through 2012 ($ Millions)
- Table 45 Value Of The Conductive Coating Emi/Rfi Shielding North American Market, Through 2012 ($ Millions)
- Table 46 North American Market Shares Of Shielding Options Based On Value, Through 2012 (Percent)
- Table 47 North American Market Shares Of Conductive Coating Shielding Options Based On Value, Through 2012 (Percent)
- Table 48 Volume Of The Emi/Rfi Shielding Market, By Method (Million Square Feet)
- Table 49 Volume Of The Conductive Coating Emi/Rfi Shielding Market (Million Square Feet)
- Table 50 North American Market Shares Of Shielding Options Based On Volume, Through 2012 (Percent)
- Table 51 North American Market Shares Of Conductive Coating Shielding Options Based On Volume, Through 2012 (Percent)
- Table 52 North American Demand For Metal Cabinets In Emi/Rfi Shielding, Through 2012 (Millions)
- Table 53 North American Demand For Conductive Coatings In Emi Shielding Through 2012 (Millions)
- Table 54 North American Demand For Electroless Plating In Emi Shielding, Through 2012 (Millions)
- Table 55 North American Demand For Vacuum Metallization In Emi Shielding, Through 2012 (Millions)
- Table 56 North American Demand For Conductive Paints In Emi Shielding, Through 2012 (Millions)
- Table 57 North American Demand For Laminates And Tapes In Emi Shielding, Through 2012 (Millions)
- Table 58 North American Demand For Conductive Plastics And Elastomers In Emi/Rfi Shielding, Through 2012 (Millions)
- Table 59 North American Demand For Miscellaneous Emi/Rfi Shielding, Through 2012 (Millions)
- Table 60 Typical Field Levels And Frequencies
- Table 61 U.S. Sources Of Emi
- Table 62 Examples Of Components With Emi/Rfi And Esd Problems And Industries Involved
- Table 63 Top Global Semiconductor Companies' 2006 Sales ($ Billions)
- Table 64 Global Selected, Key Automotive Emc Test Specifications
- Table 65 Bandwidth And Applications Of Copper And Fiber Optic Cables
- Table 66 Comparative Characteristics Of Lan Media
- Table 67 Electronic Products Subject To The Radiation Control For Health And Safety Act Of
- Table 68 Representative Aerospace And Commercial Emc Regulations
- Table 69 Comparison Of Fcc And Eu Emc Regulations
- Table 70 Electromagnetic Controls In Selected Environmental Areas
- Table 71 Companies Involved In Emc Control By Category
- Table 72 Selected Major Companies Involved In Emi/Rfi Shielding
- List Of Figures
- Summary Figure: Emi/Rfi Shielding Options By Type, 2006-2012 ($ Millions)
- Figure 1 Value Of The Conductive Coating Emi/Rfi Shielding North American Market, 2006-2012 ($ Millions)
- Figure 2 North American Demand For Metal Cabinets In Emi/Rfi Shielding, 2006-2012 (Millions)
- Figure 3 North American Demand For Conductive Coatings In Emi Shielding 2006-2012 (Millions)
- Figure 4 North American Demand For Electroless Plating In Emi Shielding, 2006-2012 (Millions)
- Figure 5 North American Demand For Vacuum Metallization In Emi Shielding, 2006-2012 ($ Millions)
- Figure 6 North American Demand For Conductive Paints In Emi Shielding, 2006-2012 (Millions)
- Figure 7 North American Demand For Laminates And Tapes In Emi Shielding, 2006-2012 (Millions)
- Figure 8 North American Demand For Conductive Plastics And Elastomers In Emi/Rfi Shielding, 2006-2012 (Millions)
- Figure 9 North American Demand For Miscellaneous Emi/Rfi Shielding, Through 2012 (Millions)
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