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Next Generation Protein Engineering and Drug Design

Strategies to boost efficacy and improve drug delivery

Publication Date   February 2007
Publisher   Business Insights
Product Type   Report
Pages   209
ISBN Number   not applicable
Product Code   RBI134
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Price £1,495.00

approximately: $2,229 | €1,781

Summary


Report overview

The success of protein and peptide therapeutics is revolutionizing the biotech and pharmaceutical market, spurring the creation of next-generation products with reduced immunogenicity, improved safety and greater effectiveness. New technologies and genetic and chemical techniques will ensure a competitive edge in developing improved protein and peptide based therapeutics.

Next Generation Protein Engineering and Drug Design provides a detailed insight into the current market for engineered proteins and peptides, and explores the key factors of commercial success for the development of next generation products. This report also provides in-depth analysis of patenting trends and market forecasts to 2011, enabling you to exploit innovative protein engineering technology in your drug discovery process.

Key findings

  • The protein engineering market in 2006 was worth almost $67 billion, 10% of total pharma sales, and is forecast to rise to $118 billion, or 12% of pharma sales, in 2011.
  • Oncology is the dominant therapy for both monoclonal antibodies and other types of engineered protein, accounting for one-third of sales overall and over 50% of all monoclonal antibodies.
  • The top-selling therapeutic protein is Amgen's Aranesp, a re-engineered variant of the company's first-generation product, Epogen (recombinant human erythropoietin).
  • Genentech has by far the most protein engineering-related US patents assigned to it (192, 7.4% of the total) and is the most frequently cited assignee, although over half its patents have never been referenced by subsequent US patent applicants.
  • Enzon has licensed PEGylated half-life extension technology to Nektar Therapeutics and several refinements and proprietary approaches have recently been developed in this area.
  • The last three years have seen the first approvals of products for nonparenteral delivery, alongside advances in parenteral protein and peptide drug delivery.

Key questions answered

  • What is the most dominant application for monoclonal antibodies and other types of engineered protein?
  • Which companies have been most successful in targeting major clinical markets?
  • Which company boasts the most prolific patenting in this area?
  • How big is the therapeutic monoclonal antibody market?
  • What types of monoclonal antibodies are under development?
  • How will transgenic animal herds change the face of manufacturing complex therapeutic proteins?

Key issues examined in this report

  • Traditional protein therapeutics have many limitations. In recent years a wide range of technologies has become available for use in protein engineering, which can be used to develop new versions of traditional products with improved characteristics.
  • Several antibodies on the market are directed against the same targets. Increased competition is providing an impetus for the development of re-engineered, improved, whole antibody and antibody fragment-based products.
  • Immunogenicity is a problem, especially with antibodies. The risk of immunogenicity can be reduced by using fully human recombinant antibodies or human antibodies derived from transgenic mice.
  • Patented therapeutic proteins stifle competition. Chemical synthesis of medium-sized proteins is already possible enabling substantial protein re-engineering and may allow new products to be commercialized without risking patent infringement.
  • Several profitable protein therapeutics will soon come off-patent. Engineered improvements would allow biosimilar products to be differentiated on the basis of superior characteristics.

Content


  • Executive Summary
    • Engineering next generation protein drugs
    • Strategies and technologies for protein engineering
    • Engineering improved monoclonal antibodies
    • Engineering alternatives to antibodies
    • Engineering other protein and peptide drugs
    • Engineering protein therapeutics for delivery
    • Trends and opportunities
  • Chapter 1 Engineering next generation
    • protein drugs
    • Summary
    • Introduction
    • Background on proteins
    • Patenting of proteins
    • Regulatory requirements
    • Commercial imperatives in protein engineering
    • Introduction
    • Application markets
    • Manufacturer markets
    • Product markets
    • Geographical markets
    • Patenting considerations
    • Usefulness of patent metrics
    • The protein engineering patent data set
    • Analysis by assignee patent count
    • Analysis by forward citation count
    • Commercial outlook for engineered proteins
  • Chapter 2 Strategies and technologies for
    • protein engineering
    • Summary
    • Introduction
    • Recombinant protein production
    • Site-directed mutagenesis
    • Post-translational modifications (PTMs)
    • Glycosylation of natural proteins
    • Manufacture of glycoproteins
    • Glyco-remodeling
    • Other PTMs
    • Protein characterization
    • Directed evolution
    • Display technologies
    • Use of protein scaffolds
    • Peptide and protein synthesis
    • Chemoselective ligation
    • In silico protein design
    • Technology-related patents
    • Monoclonal antibodies
    • Other proteins and peptides
  • Chapter 3 Engineering improved
    • monoclonal antibodies
    • Summary
    • Natural antibodies
    • Human IgG
    • Generation of antibody diversity
    • Monoclonal antibodies
    • Evolution of mAbs
    • Drivers for innovation
    • The mAb business landscape
    • Products on the US market
    • Products in development
    • Improving mAb production systems
    • Cell lines
    • Automation
    • Manipulating mAb glycosylation profiles
    • Enhancing mAb serum stability
    • Engineering fully human mAbs
    • Human mAbs from recombinant antibody libraries
    • Immune and nonimmune antibody libraries
    • Optimization
    • Phage display libraries
    • Ribosome and mRNA display antibodies
    • Yeast-display antibodies
    • Human mAbs from transgenic mice and chickens
    • Human mAbs on the market and in development
    • Engineering novel antibody fragments
    • Monovalent fragments
    • Multivalent fragments
    • Fragments on the market and in development
    • Engineering for specific therapeutic applications
    • Cancer
    • Unconjugated mAbs
    • Conjugated mAbs and fusion proteins
    • Immune and inflammatory disorders
    • Other areas
  • Chapter 4 Engineering alternatives to
    • antibodies
    • Summary
    • Introduction
    • Comparison with monoclonal antibodies
    • Combinatorial scaffold libraries
    • Scaffolds used in library construction
    • Beta-sheet frameworks
    • Mixed/irregular secondary structures
    • Alpha-helical frameworks
    • Repeat proteins
    • Scaffold optimization and diversification
    • Selection technologies
    • Recognition proteins as therapeutics
    • Products in commercial development
    • Adnexus Therapeutics
    • Evogenix
    • Bristol Myers-Squibb
    • Pieris Proteolab
    • Avidex
    • Affibody
    • Molecular Partners
    • Aptanomics
    • Selecore
    • Avidia
    • BioRexis
    • Isogenica
    • Bracco Research
  • Chapter 5 Engineering other protein and
    • peptide drugs
    • Summary
    • Introduction to protein/peptide drugs
    • Drivers for innovation
    • The business landscape
    • Products on the market and in development
    • Improving production systems
    • Recombinant methods
    • Transgenic methods
    • Chemical methods
    • Tackling immunogenicity
    • Manipulating PTMs
    • Glycoprotein profiling
    • Glyco-engineering
    • Amgen
    • Genzyme
    • Neose Technologies
    • University of Maryland
    • Other PTMs
    • Altering plasma half-lives
    • Amino acid modifications
    • Variations in glycosylation
    • PEGylation
    • Chemical modification
    • Other novel approaches
    • Case study: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
    • Expediting peptide drug discovery
    • Phage and other display technologies
    • Dyax
    • California Institute of Technology
    • Rational design
    • Peptide mimetics
    • Case study: Antimicrobial peptide discovery
    • Exploring the role of pharmacogenomics
  • Chapter 6 Engineering protein therapies for
    • delivery
    • Summary
    • Introduction
    • Injectable protein delivery
    • Half-life extension technologies
    • PolyTherics' TheraPEG PEGylation technology
    • Affymaxs' PEGitecture technology
    • Neose Technologies' GlycoPEGylation technology
    • Approved PEGylated biopharmaceuticals
    • Other approaches
    • Depot systems
    • Biodegradable drug carrier systems
    • Microsphere-based delivery systems
    • Nanoparticle dispersions
    • Drug release mechanisms
    • Pulmonary delivery
    • Exubera (inhalable recombinant insulin)
    • Alkermes' AIR dry powder
    • Aradigm's AERx system
    • Baxter Healthcare's Promaxx technology
    • Syntonix Pharmaceuticals' Fc Fusion Proteins
    • Nasal delivery
    • Oral and other forms of delivery
    • Cell penetrating peptides and polymeric nanoparticles
    • Emisphere's Eligen technology
    • Merrion Pharmaceuticals' GIPET
    • Nobex's drug delivery technology
    • Mucoadhesive polymer technologies
    • Nautilus Biotech
    • Other approaches
    • Affinergy
    • Raptor Pharmaceutical
  • Chapter 7 Trends and opportunities
    • Summary
    • Creating non-immunogenic monoclonal antibodies
    • The next wave of monoclonal antibody-based agents
    • Beyond monoclonal antibodies
    • The challenge of follow-on biologics
    • The promise of synthetic peptides and proteins
    • New frontier: de novo protein design
  • Chapter 8 Appendix
    • Index
  • List of Figures
    • Figure 1.1: US protein engineering patents and published applications by filing and publication years, 1992-2006
    • Figure 2.2: Protein scaffold used to create designer protein drugs
    • Figure 2.3: Protein engineering patents: technologies and applications
    • Figure 5.4: Innovators in therapeutic protein production
  • List of Tables
    • Table 1.1: World pharma market by indication, 2006 - 2011
    • Table 1.2: Protein engineering markets by application, 2006 - 2011
    • Table 1.3: mAb protein engineering markets by company, 2006 - 2011
    • Table 1.4: Non-mAb protein engineering markets by company, 2006 - 2011
    • Table 1.5: Total protein engineering markets by company, 2006 - 2011
    • Table 1.6: Protein Engineering Markets by Product, 2006
    • Table 1.7: Protein engineering markets by product, 2011
    • Table 1.8: World Pharma Market by Region, 2006 - 2011
    • Table 1.9: Protein Engineering Market by Region, 2006 - 2011
    • Table 1.10: US patent codes dealing with antibody related subject matter
    • Table 1.11: Protein engineering US patents and published applications by leading assignees
    • Table 1.12: Top 50 protein engineering patent assignees by forward citation count
    • Table 2.13: Fully human engineered immunoglobulin patents: US filings, 1992-2006
    • Table 3.14: Launched mAb products, 2006
    • Table 3.15: Phase 3 mAb products, 2006
    • Table 3.16: Phase 2 mAb products, 2006
    • Table 3.17: Phase 1 mAb products, 2006
    • Table 3.18: Pre-clinical mAb products by name, 2006
    • Table 4.19: Non-immunoglobulin binding proteins in development
    • Table 5.20: Examples of launched engineered human recombinant therapeutic proteins
    • Table 5.21: Examples of launched engineered human recombinant therapeutic proteins continued.
    • Table 5.22: Therapeutic human proteins produced in animal bioreactors: products in development
    • Table 5.23: Engineered small peptide and peptidomimetic drugs: examples from antimicrobial R&D
    • Table 6.24: Injectable protein delivery: half-life extension technologies
    • Table 6.25: Injectable protein delivery: depot technologies
    • Table 8.26: Top 50 Cited Protein Engineering Patents (US Filings, 1992-2006)