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Drug Delivery

Assessing Bioavailablility of Drug Delivery Systems

Mathematical Modeling

Publication Date   May 2005
Publisher   CRC Press
Product Type   Book
Pages   248
ISBN Number   0849330440
Product Code   CRC021
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Price £75.00

approximately: $140 | €95

Summary


This book introduces mathematical modeling methods for calculating the profiles of plasma levels obtained with controlled release dosage forms and provides examples and case studies to illustrate the techniques employed. The mathematical models developed by the author are particularly powerful because they account for such major parameters as the kinetics of drug release controlled by diffusion or by erosion, and the kinetics of absorption into and elimination out of the plasma. They are also able to solve the problem of determining the drug level in plasma as a result of patient non-compliance, incorrect dosage, and incorrect frequency, and to determine the best dosage forms necessary for therapy.

Content


DEFINITIONS
Drugs (Active Agents) and Their Supply Forms (Dosage Forms)
Biopharmaceutics and Its Goal
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Liberation of the Drug
Membranes
Bioavailability
Absorption of the Drug in the Blood
Distribution of the Drug
Elimination of the Drug
Therapeutic Index
Determination of the Pharmaceutical Parameters

INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION
Administration of a Single Dose
Repeated Intravenous Injections (DIV)
Continuous Intravenous Infusion (CIV)
Repeated Dosage at Constant Flow Rate

ORAL DOSAGE FORMS WITH IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Single Dose
Effect of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters' Values
Multiple Oral Doses
Area under the Curve with Oral Dosage Forms
Comparison Between Oral and I.V. Drug Delivery

KINETICS OF DRUG RELEASE FROM ORAL SUSTAINED DOSAGE FORMS
Drug Release Controlled by Diffusion
Drug Release Controlled by Erosion
Comparisons and Other Kinetics of Release

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON IN VITRO-IN VIVO CORRELATIONS
General Survey on In Vitro-In Vivo Problems
In Vitro-In Vivo Correlations for Oral Immediate-Release Dosage Forms
In Vitro-In Vivo Correlations with Oral Sustained-Release Dosage Forms

PLASMA DRUG LEVEL WITH ORAL DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED DOSAGE FORMS
Methods of Calculation
Results Obtained for a Single Dose
Sustained Release with Repeated Doses
Prediction of the Characteristics of the Dosage Form

PLASMA DRUG LEVEL WITH EROSION-CONTROLLED DOSAGE FORMS
Method of Calculation
Plasma Drug Profile with a Single Dose
Plasma Drug Profile with Repeated Multidoses
Prediction of the Characteristics of the Dosage Forms

EFFECT OF PATIENT'S NONCOMPLIANCE
Limited Reliability of the Patient
Noncompliance with Erosion-Controlled Dosage Forms
Noncompliance with Diffusion-Controlled Dosage Forms

DRUG TRANSFER IN VARIOUS TISSUES
Drug Transfer into and through the Lung and Bronchial Mucus
Drug Transfer into the Blister Fluid
Drug Transfer into Endocarditis

TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS
General Mechanisms of Drug Delivery
Overview of the Skin and Its Role
Calculation of the Drug Transport
Results for the Transdermal Delivery of Metropolol
Effect of the Characteristics of the TTS
Effect of the Parameters of the Skin