This text will be the syllabus for the European Society of Hypertension and will be used by all those who wish accreditation with the Society. It covers everything one needs to know to practice antihypertensive care effectively, efficiently and beneficially.
Content
Section I: Background, History and Epidemiology
History, Definition and Classification
Epidemiology, Prevalence and Risk
Pulse Pressure as Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Section II: Associated Risk Factors
Obesity and Sleep Apnea
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome
Classical and New Risk Factors
Circadian Aspects of the Cardiovascular Risk
Section III: Etiological and Pathophysiological Aspects
Haemodynamics of Hypertension
Genetic Factors
Environmental Factors
Structural Cardiovascular Alterations
Autonomic Alterations
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Other Humoral-Endocrine Factors
An Overview
Section IV: Target Organ Damage: Measurements/Clinical Importance
Cardiac Damage and Progression to Heart Failure
Brain Damage
Large Artery Damage
Small Artery/Endothelial Damage
Renal Damage
Section V: Diagnosis
Blood Pressure Measurements
Blood Pressure During Exercise, Stress and Other Conditions
The Diagnostic Approach in Uncomplicated and Complicated Hypertension
The Total Cardiovascular Risk (SCORE, Framingham, ESH)
Section VI: Therapeutic Aspects
Morbidity and Mortality Trials
The Nephroprotective Effects of Treatment
Non-pharmacological Interventions
Antihypertensive Drug Classes
Therapeutic Strategies
Section VII: Special Conditions: Diagnosis and Treatment
Resistant and Malignant Hypertension
Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies
Secondary Hypertension: Diagnosis and Treatment
Diabetes and Hypertension
Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Hypertension in Pregnancy
Post-transplant Hypertension
Advanced Renal Damage and Insufficiency
Section VIII: Economic and Organizational Issues
Pharmaco-economic and Cost-benefits Aspects
How to Organize and Run a Hypertension Center
Section IX: Current Problems
Blood Pressure Control in Europe
Hypertension in the Very Elderly
Hypertension in Acute Stroke
Hypertension, Antihypertensive Treatment and Heart Failure