Merger and Acquisition Agreements in Pharma, Biotech and Diagnostics

Summary

Welcome to the revised and updated Merger and Acquisition Agreements in Pharma, Biotech and Diagnostics report.

The report provides a detailed understand and analysis of how and why companies enter merger and acquisition deals. The majority of deals are acquisitions whereby the acquirer acquires the target company in a cash and/or equity transaction. Fully revised and updated, the report provides details of merger and acquisition agreements from 2003 to end 2008.

Understanding the flexibility of a prospective partner's negotiated deals terms provides critical insight into the negotiation process in terms of what you can expect to achieve during the negotiation of terms. Whilst many smaller companies will be seeking details of the payments clauses, the devil is in the detail in terms of how payments are triggered - contract documents provide this insight where press releases and databases do not.

Merger and acquisition is a constant activity within the biopharma sector. In the past, biopharma companies have sought to merge or acquire competitor companies in order to achieve critical mass both in R&D and sales and marketing, thus ensuring continued growth and dominance in a highly competitive and global marketplace.

In 1987, the largest ten companies were responsible for approximately twelve percent of global pharmaceutical sales. By 2002, this figure had become nearly fifty percent. This concentration was principally due to bigpharma mega mergers.

The rewards offered for the successful marketing and sale of a block buster drug are enormous, therefore it is not surprising to see bigpharma seeking ways of maximizing returns. Licensing has often been a means of achieving such global presence, but increasingly bigpharma has sought to acquire its way into the major pharmaceutical markets. Until recently the mega merger was a popular means of growing presence globally; however the last few years have seen a concentration on smaller acquisitions to bolster R&D pipelines.

Historically, M&A has seen short term value creation (at least in the reasoning for the deal) as the driver for the deal to go ahead. Recent examples include Sanofi Synthelabo - Aventis merger in 2004 to create Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer - Warner Lambert merger in 2000, Bayer-Schering in 2002 to create Bayer Schering, Glaxo Wellcome - SmithKline Beecham in 2000 to create GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck - Serono in 2006 to create Merck Serono - creating several of the leading bigpharma companies in the industry today.

M&A deals are by far the highest value deals seen in the biopharma sector. One of the largest recent mergers was between AstraZeneca and MedImmune - a deal valued at $15,600 million in April 2007. Many analysts suggested that AstraZeneca overpaid for MedImmune and the stock dropped by 4% after the announcement. This was primarily because analysts were looking at the short term value generation that was considered limited, whilst the company was seeking longer term value growth in the increasingly important biotech sector.

Bigpharma M&A activity seems to oscillate from low to high to low, as companies seek different means of generating value and critical mass. At the present time, we appear to be in a low M&A activity period, with only a handful of bigpharma-bigpharma deals in the past few years. This may be due to some disillusionment amongst investors due to the failure of past deals to deliver on the promises at the time of the transaction.

These 'promises' often include increased R&D, improved development and marketing product pipelines, consolidated marketing and sales activities and so on. However, delivery on these promises is often overtaken by a need to again bolster the R&D pipeline as compounds fail in development, marketed products reach patent expiry, and safety concerns result in product withdrawal. M&A activity is very active amongst bigpharma-smaller company or smaller company-smaller company.

During 2007 over three hundred and twenty M&A deals were announced. This has resulted in create faster growth, international market penetration, combining of development pipelines, and synergizing sales and 4 marketing resources. In addition, M&A has recently been seen as a viable alternative to IPO for investors seeking to exit an investment.

This report focuses on M&A between bigpharma-bigpharma, bigpharma - smaller company, and smaller company-smaller company, providing a detailed insight into all such deals.

This report contains over 450 links to online copies of actual merger and acquisition contract documents as submitted to the Securities Exchange Commission by biopharma companies and their partners.

Contract documents provide the answers to numerous questions about a prospective partner's flexibility on a wide range of important issues, many of which will have a significant impact on each party's ability to derive value from the deal.

For example, analyzing actual company agreements allows assessment of the following: o What are the precise merger or acquisition terms agreed between the parties? o What is the plan of merger and how will it be implemented? o What is actually being acquired by the acquiring company? o What is the payment structure for the deal? o What are conditions of merger or acquisition? o What are the rights of shareholders and dissenters? o How are the key terms of the agreement defined? o How are IPRs handled and owned? o Who is responsible for what in the acquisition? o How is confidentiality and publicity managed? o Under what conditions can the deal be terminated? o Which boilerplate clauses does the company insist upon? o Which boilerplate clauses appear to differ from acquisition to acquisition? o Which jurisdiction does the company insist upon for agreement law? The initial chapters of this report provide an orientation of merger and acquisition dealmaking and business activities. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the report, whilst chapter 2 provides an analysis of the trends in mergers and acquisitions as well as a discussion on the merits of each type of deal.

Chapter 3 provides an overview of the structure of merger and acquisition deals. The chapter includes numerous case studies to enable understanding of both pure merger/acquisition deals and multicomponent deals where acquisition forms a part.

Chapter 4 provides a review of the leading M&A deals since 2000. Deals are listed by headline value, signed by bigpharma, most active bigpharma, and most active of all biopharma companies. Where the deal has an agreement contract published at the SEC a link provides online access to the contract.

Chapter 5 provides a comprehensive listing of the top 50 bigpharma companies with a brief summary including M&A frequency and acquired companies since 2000 followed by a comprehensive listing of M&A 5 contract documents available in the public domain. Each deal title links via Weblink to an online version of the actual contract document, providing easy access to each contract document on demand.

Chapter 6 provides a comprehensive listing of all merger and acquisition agreement contracts available in the public domain, respectively. The chapter is organized by A-Z company name. Each deal title links via Weblink to an online version of the actual contract document, providing easy access to each contract document on demand.

The report also includes numerous tables and figures that illustrate the trends and activities in merger and acquisition dealmaking since 2000.

In conclusion, this report provides everything a prospective dealmaker needs to know about M&A by using actual contract documents and clauses to provide real-life analysis and insight.

Contents

• Executive Summary
• Chapter 1 - Introduction
• Chapter 2 - Trends in M&A dealmaking
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Difference between merger and acquisition deals
  • 2.3. Trends in M&A deals since 2000
    • 2.3.1. Japanese M&A accelerates
    • 2.3.2. Option to acquire the new acquisition?
    • 2.3.3. Case study 1: Cephalon - Ception
    • 2.3.4. Case study 2: Endo - Indevus
  • 2.4. When M&A can be useful
  • 2.5. Attributes of M&A deals
    • 2.5.1. M&A as an alternative to IPO
  • 2.6. Partnering deals with M&A component
    • 2.6.1. Partnering as a precursor to M&A
    • 2.6.1.a. Case study 3: Shire - New River
    • 2.6.2. Equity as part of partnering deal
    • 2.6.2.a. Case study 4: Merck - Gtx
    • 2.6.2.b. Case study 5: Pfizer - Icagen
    • 2.6.2.c. Case study 6: Genentech - Tercica
    • 2.6.3. Conversion of partnership to acquisition
    • 2.6.4. But M&A is not always the route followed
  • 2.7. Bigpharma mega mergers - are we at the end of the road?
    • 2.7.1. Growth of Pfizer through M&A
    • 2.7.2. Growth of GlaxoSmithKline through M&A
  • 2.8. Accessing innovation through M&A
    • 2.8.1. Bigpharma acquisitions of small companies
  • 2.8.1a. Case study 7: Abbott - Kos Pharmaceuticals
    • 2.8.1.b. Case study 8: Merck - Sirna Therapeutics
    • 2.8.2. Medium and small biopharma - use of M&A
    • 2.8.2.a. Case study 9: Merck KgaA - Serono
    • 2.8.2.b. Case study 10: Nycomed - Altana
    • 2.8.3. Using M&A to build a company
    • 2.8.3.a. Case study 11: Shire - built from M&A
    • 2.8.3.b. Case study 12: Zeneus - acquiring a ready-made European capability
    • 2.8.3.c. Case study 13: Novartis - from pure pharma to half generic
    • 2.8.4. Emergence of biotech-biotech mergers
    • 2.8.4.a. Case study 14: Merger between Biogen and Idec
    • 2.8.4.b. Case study 15: Amgen acquisition activity
  • 2.9. The emerging role of private equity in M&A
  • 2.10. Implementing M&A transactions
  • 2.11. Joint ventures as alternative to M&A
  • 2.12. The future of M&A in biopharma
• Chapter 3 - Overview of M&A deal structure
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Pure versus multi-component acquisition deals
  • 3.3. Pure M&A agreement structure
    • 3.3.1. Example acquisition agreements
    • 3.3.1.a. Case study 16: Novartis - Eon Labs - February 2005
  • 3.4. Acquisition as part of a wider alliance agreement
    • 3.4.1. Example acquisition option clauses
    • 3.4.1.a. Case study 17: MGI Pharma - AkaRx - October 2007
  • 3.5. Merger agreements
    • 3.5.1. Example merger agreements
    • 3.5.1.a. Case study 18: Corgentech - AlgoRx - September 2005
• Chapter 4 - Leading M&A deals
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. Top M&A deals by value
  • 4.3. Top merger deals
  • 4.4. Top M&A deals signed by bigpharma
  • 4.5. Most active M&A dealmakers
    • 4.5.1 Inverness Medical Innovations
    • 4.5.2. Johnson & Johnson
    • 4.5.3. Novartis
  • 4.6. Bigpharma M&A deal activity
  • 4.7. Bigpharma created through M&A
    • 4.7.1. Forcing Japanese pharma into the M&A game
• Chapter 5 - Bigpharma M&A agreements
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. How to use M&A agreements
  • 5.3. Company M&A agreement listings
    • Abbott
    • Actavis
    • Alcon Labs
    • Allergan
    • Amgen
    • Astellas
    • AstraZeneca
    • Barr
    • Baxter International
    • Bayer
    • Biogen Idec
    • Boehringer Ingelheim
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb
    • Chugai
    • CSL
    • Daiichi Sankyo
    • Eisai
    • Eli Lilly
    • Forest Laboratories
    • Genentech
    • Genzyme
    • Gilead Sciences
    • GlaxoSmithKline
    • Johnson & Johnson
    • King
    • Lundbeck
    • Menarini
    • Merck & Co
    • Merck KGaA
    • Mitsubishi Tanabe
    • Mundipharma
    • Novartis AG
    • Novo Nordisk
    • Nycomed Pharma
    • Otsuka
    • Pfizer
    • Procter & Gamble
    • Ratiopharma
    • Roche
    • Sanofi-Aventis
    • Schering Plough
    • Servier
    • Shire
    • Solvay
    • Stada
    • Takeda
    • Teva
    • UCB
    • Watson
    • Wyeth
• Chapter 6 - M&A agreement directory 2003-8
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Company A-Z
    • 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals
    • 3M
    • aaiPharma
    • Abbott Laboratories
    • Abgenix
    • Abiomed
    • Absorbable Polymer Technologies
    • Accelrys
    • Accentia Biopharmaceuticals
    • ACCESS Oncology
    • Access Pharmaceuticals
    • ACLARA BioSciences
    • Actelion
    • Acuity Pharmaceuticals
    • Adeza Biomedical
    • Advanced Cell Technology
    • Advanced Neuromodulation Systems
    • Aerogen
    • Aesgen
    • Affymetrix
    • Agencourt Bioscience
    • Agilent Technologies
    • AGT Biosciences
    • AkaRx
    • Alamo Pharmaceuticals
    • Alaris Medical
    • Albany Molecular Research
    • AlgoRx Pharmaceuticals
    • Allergan
    • Alliant Pharmaceuticals
    • Alpha Innotech
    • AltaGen Biosciences
    • Ambion
    • American Bioscience
    • American Pharmaceutical Partners
    • AmeriPath
    • Amgen
    • Amplimedical
    • AMRI Hungary
    • Anesiva
    • Antigen Express
    • AnorMED
    • Aphton
    • Applera
    • Applied Biosystem
    • Applied Molecular Evolution
    • Arius Pharmaceuticals
    • ArQule
    • AstraZeneca
    • Atrix Laboratories
    • Avanir Pharmaceutical
    • Avant
    • AVI BioPharma
    • Avidia
    • Axon Instruments
    • Axxora Life Science
    • Barrier Therapeutics
    • Beckman Coulter
    • Bentley Pharmaceuticals
    • BioCheck
    • BioDelivery Sciences
    • Bioenvision
    • Biofrontera Discovery
    • Biogen
    • Bio-Imaging Technologies
    • Biomet
    • BioReliance
    • Biosite
    • Biosyn
    • BioVest
    • Bone Care
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb
    • Brookwood Pharmaceuticals
    • Bruker
    • Cabrellis Pharmaceuticals
    • Caliper Life Sciences
    • Callida Genomics
    • CancerVax
    • Cardinal Health
    • Celgene
    • Celunol
    • Cell Pathways
    • Cell Therapeutics
    • Celldex
    • Cellegy
    • Cephalon
    • Cepheid
    • ChemGenex Therapeutics
    • Chiron
    • Cholestech
    • CIMA Labs
    • Cita NeuroPharmaceuticals
    • Clinical Data
    • Coley
    • CollaGenex
    • Commonwealth Biotechnologies
    • Computer Motion
    • Connetics
    • Corautus Genetics
    • Corgentech
    • Corixa
    • Corus Pharmaceutical
    • Corvas International
    • CoTherix
    • Cubist
    • CUNO
    • Cyclacel
    • Cyclis Pharmaceuticals
    • Cytyc
    • CyVera
    • Daiichi Pharmaceutical
    • Danisco
    • Dendreon
    • Developmental Therapeutics
    • Diacrin
    • Digene
    • Discovery Partners (now Infinity Pharma)
    • Diversa
    • DNA Sciences
    • DOR BioPharma
    • Duramed
    • Durect
    • DUSA Pharmaceuticals
    • Dynal
    • Dynavax Technologies
    • Edwards Lifesciences
    • Eisai
    • Eli Lilly
    • Empire Pharmaceuticals
    • Endocardial Solutions
    • Enteron Pharmaceuticals
    • EntreMed
    • Envirogen
    • Enzo Life Sciences
    • Enzon Pharmaceuticals
    • Eon Labs
    • EOS Biotechnology
    • EpiCept
    • Epimmune
    • EPIX Pharmaceuticals
    • Epoch Biosciences
    • ESP Pharma
    • Esperion Therapeutics
    • Ev3
    • Evotec
    • ExeGenics
    • Exelixis
    • Exeter Life Sciences
    • Eyetech Pharmaceuticals
    • FermaVir Pharmaceuticals
    • ForSight Newco II
    • Froptix
    • Gastrotech Pharmaceuticals
    • Genaissance Pharmaceuticals
    • Gene Logic
    • GeneSoft Pharmaceuticals
    • Genencor
    • Genentech
    • Generex Biotechnology
    • Genvec
    • Genzyme
    • Gilead
    • Gillette
    • GlaxoSmithKline
    • Guidant
    • Guilford Pharmaceuticals
    • HAPC
    • HaptoGuard
    • Harvard Bioscience
    • Hycor Biomedical
    • I-Flow
    • I-Stat
    • Ibis Biosciences
    • Icoria
    • Icos
    • ID Biomedical
    • Idec Pharmaceuticals
    • Idenix Pharmaceuticals
    • IDM
    • Igen
    • Igeneon
    • Ilex Oncology
    • Illumigen
    • Illumina
    • Imclone
    • Impella CardioSystems AG
    • Inamed
    • Indevus Pharmaceuticals
    • Infinity Pharma
    • Inhibitex
    • Inkine Pharmaceuticals
    • InnoRx
    • Innovative Drug Delivery Systems
    • InSite Vision
    • Integra Lifesciences
    • IntelliChem
    • Interpore Cross
    • Intuitive Surgical
    • Inverness Medical Innovations
    • Invitrogen
    • INyX
    • Iomed
    • Ionix Pharmaceuticals
    • ISIS Pharmaceuticals
    • Javelin Pharmaceuticals
    • Jazz Pharmaceuticals
    • JDS Pharmaceuticals
    • Johnson & Johnson
    • KD Scientific
    • Keryx Biopharmaceuticals
    • Kinetikos Medical
    • King Pharmaceuticals
    • Kodak
    • Koninklijke Philips Electronics
    • KOS Pharmaceuticals
    • Kosan
    • KS Biomedix
    • Kyphon
    • LabOne
    • Lark Technologies
    • Ligand
    • Lincoln Technologies
    • LipoSonix
    • Lynx Therapeutics
    • Matritech
    • Maxim Pharmaceuticals
    • Maxygen
    • MDS Inc
    • Medicis Pharmaceutical
    • MedImmune
    • Merck
    • Meridian Bioscience
    • MGI Pharma
    • Micro Therapeutics
    • Micromet
    • Migenix
    • Miikana Therapeutics
    • Millennium
    • Millipore
    • Miltex
    • Mimotopes
    • MitoKor
    • Molecular Devices
    • Molecular Probes
    • Monogram Biosciences
    • Montigen Pharmaceuticals
    • Mylan Laboratories
    • Myogen
    • Nanogen
    • Nektar Therapeutics
    • Neurobiological Technologies
    • New River Pharmaceuticals
    • NOMOS
    • North American Scientific
    • Novartis
    • NovaScreen Biosciences
    • Noven Pharmaceuticals
    • NOVT Corporation
    • Novuspharma
    • NPS Pharmaceuticals
    • Nuvelo
    • Oculex
    • OEM Concepts
    • Oni Medical Systems
    • Ophthalmic Solutions
    • Opko Health
    • Orchid Cellmark
    • Orphan Medical
    • Oscient Pharmaceuticals
    • OSI Pharmaceuticals
    • Oxford Ventures
    • OXIS International
    • ParAllele Bioscience
    • PDL BioPharma
    • Percutaneous Valve Technologies
    • Pfizer
    • PharmAthene
    • Pharmacopeia
    • Pharmapac
    • Pharmion
    • Pharmos
    • Phase Forward
    • Pheonix Data Systems
    • PhotoMedex
    • Physiome Sciences
    • Pioneer Hi-Bred
    • PracticeWorks
    • Praecis Pharmaceuticals
    • Predix Pharmaceuticals
    • Procter & Gamble
    • ProCyte
    • Qiagen
    • QLT
    • Quest Diagnostics
    • ReAble Therapeutics
    • Reliagene
    • Renovis
    • Rhein Biotech AG
    • Ribapharm
    • Roche
    • Salix Pharmaceuticals
    • Salmedix
    • Sanatis
    • SangStat
    • Sangtec Molecular Diagnostics
    • Sankyo Pharmaceutical
    • SansRosa Pharmaceutical Development
    • SBH Genomics
    • Sciele Pharma
    • Scios
    • SciTegic
    • Serologicals
    • Shaw Environmental
    • Shire Pharmaceuticals
    • SICOR
    • SIGA Technologies
    • Sirius Laboratories
    • Sirna Therapeutics
    • Skinetics Biosciences
    • Solexa
    • Somanta
    • Sonus Pharmaceuticals
    • St. Jude Medical
    • Stiefel Laboratories
    • Stratagene
    • Sunset Brands
    • SuperGen
    • SurModics
    • Symphony GenIsis
    • Symyx Technologies
    • Synt:em
    • Synvista Therapeutics
    • Systems Medicine
    • Takeda
    • Tanox
    • TEAMM Pharmaceuticals
    • Teva Pharmaceutical
    • TheraSense
    • TherImmune Research
    • Tissue Informatics
    • Titan Pharmaceuticals
    • Transkaryotic Therapies
    • Tularik
    • Uluru
    • Upstate
    • Valeant Pharmaceuticals
    • Valera Pharmaceuticals
    • Vela Pharmaceuticals
    • Velocimed
    • Verenium
    • Vernalis
    • VIA Pharmaceuticals
    • Vicuron
    • Women's Capital
    • X-Ceptor Therapeutics
    • Xcel Pharmaceuticals
    • Xcyte Therapies
    • Xenogen
    • Xenova
    • Xtrana
    • Zeneus Pharmaceuticals
    • Zycos
• Appendices
  • Appendix 1 - M&A references
  • Appendix 2 - Resources
  • Appendix 3 - Deal type definitions
  • Appendix 4 - Example M&A contract document - mega acquisition
  • Appendix 5 - Example M&A contract document - acquisition
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