R&D laboratories are co-ordinating the analysis of increasing volumes of disparate biological data, largely comprised of gene and protein sequences. Bioinformatics-enabled data management has enabled companies to improve productivity within their R&D programmes by identifying new drug targets, diagnostic biomarkers and biomarkers of drug efficacy and toxicity. From a systems biology approach, bioinformatics combine data into interactive models to highlight disease pathways and aid the discovery of on off-target effects of compounds. Knowledge management solutions are crucial in both instances, enabling project teams to make informed decisions about potential new drugs. 'Innovations in Bioinformatics' is a new report published by Business Insights that provides a detailed analysis of bioinformatic developments and applications. This report examines the bioinformatic tools used to manage high-throughput data from omic technologies, systems biology modelling and biomarker discovery. Knowledge management solutions are reviewed and the provisions of major bioinformatics contributors are highlighted. This report also provides forecasts for bioinformatic tools and services to 2011. Use this new report to identify the latest developments in bioinformatics, assess the tools and platforms that can improve drug developments and benchmark effective implementation strategies.
Content
Executive Summary
Bioinformatics in the omics era
Genomics and related 'omics
Proteomics
Metabolomics and systems biology
Knowledge management solutions
Profiles of selected companies
Trends and opportunities
Chapter 1 Bioinformatics in the omics era
What is bioinformatics?
End-users of bioinformatics tools and services
Life sciences in the omics era
Overview of omics
Genomics
Pharmacogenomics
Transcriptomics
Proteomics
Metabolomics
Other omics
Background on drug discovery and development
Types of drugs under development
Small molecules
Protein-based biotherapies
Nucleic acid-based biotherapies
The drug discovery and development process
Stages (US)
Role of biomarkers
Bioinformatics in drug discovery and development
From biological data to drug knowledge
Chapter 2 Genomics and related omics
Summary
Background
Categories of genomic analysis
Sequencing
Next-generation sequencing
Genotyping and gene expression
DNA microarrays
Value of genomic analysis to the drug industry
Bioinformatics solutions
Analysis of sequencing data
Sequence databases
Sequence search tools
Multiple sequence alignment tools
Focus on RNAs
Genome finishing and annotating
Microarray platforms
Affymetrix
Illumina
Agilent Technologies
Applied Biosystems
Genome-wide association studies
Other advances
Chapter 3 Proteomics
Summary
Background
Categories of proteomic analysis
Protein separation
Protein identification
Mass spectrometry
Protein microarrays
Structure determination
Value of proteomic analysis to the drug industry
Bioinformatics solutions
Analysis of sequencing data
Sequence databases
Sequence search tools
Multiple sequence alignment tools
In silico drug discovery
Data analysis and integration
Agilent Technologies
Applied Biosystems
BioWisdom
Bruker Daltonics
Geneva Bioinformatics
GeneLogics
Health Discovery Corporation
Nonlinear Dynamics
Sage-N Research
Thermo Scientific
Vermillion
Chapter 4 Metabolomics and Systems Biology
Summary
Background
Metabolomics
Introduction
Value to the drug industry
Commercial bioinformatics solutions
Systems biology
Introduction
Value to the drug industry
Initiatives at Big Pharma
Approaches
In silico mathematical models
The Systems Biology Markup Language
Publicly available modeling software
Commercial pathway analysis tools
Ariadne Genomics
GeneGo
Ingenuity Systems
Commercial modeling technologies
BG Medicine
Cellnomica
Compugen
CuraGen
Entelos
Genstruct
Genomatix
Genomatica
Gene Network Sciences
Health Discovery Corporation
Merrimack Pharmaceuticals
Physiomics
Chapter 5 Knowledge Management Solutions
Summary
Introduction
Providers of high-performance computing
Providers of storage systems
Web-based solutions
Ontologies
Knowledge sharing
The Semantic Web
Software to support R&D labs
Abrevity
Accelrys
Agilent Technologies
BioWisdom
CambridgeSoft
Elsevier MDL
Geospiza
GeneLogics
IO Informatics
KOOPrime
LabVantage
MathWorks
NextBio
Oracle
SAS
Symyx
Teranode
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Text searching and mining
QUOSA
Linguamatics
Inforsense
Insightful
Nervana
Velocity
Clinical trials solutions
Adobe Systems
Infosys
Oracle
Pharsight
Chapter 6 Profiles of selected companies
Summary
Accelrys Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
Affymetrix Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Agilent Technologies Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Avalon Pharmaceuticals Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
BG Medicine Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
BioWisdom Ltd
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Caliper Life Sciences Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Compugen Ltd
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
CuraGen Corporation
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Entelos Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Genstruct Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
Gene Network Sciences Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
GeneGo Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
Health Discovery Corporation
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Illumina Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
Ingenuity Systems Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
Insightful Corp
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
NextBio
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
SAS Institute Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Bioinformatics-related collaborations
Vermillion Inc
Company overview
Bioinformatics tools and services
Chapter 7 Trends and opportunities
Summary
End-user needs and sentiment
Emerging trends in market evolution
Bioinformatics-enabled biomarker discovery
The promise of Semantic Web technology
Facilitating implementation of IT systems
Market snapshot and forecasts
Genomics and related omics
Proteomics
Systems biology
Life science enterprise knowledge management
Market estimates
Chapter 8 Appendix
Research methodology
Index
List of Figures
Figure 2.1: An entry from Entrez GENE, the US NCBI's web-based interface to GENBANK
Figure 2.2: Genomic context of the myostatin gene (GDF8) using the NCBI Map Viewer
Figure 2.3: Search page of microInspector
Figure 2.4: Search page of the miRNA database (miRBase)
Figure 2.5: miRBase Targets database, a new resource for predicting miRNA targets in animals69
Figure 2.6: Predicted Human Genomic Targets for the hsa-let-7g* miRNA
Figure 2.7: Dharmacon siRNA Designer Search Page
Figure 3.8: Advanced Search page of the Protein Data Bank (PDB), the central repository for 3D protein structure information
Figure 3.9: PDB Entry for the complex of the acetylcholine receptor with carbamylcholine (1UV6)
Figure 3.10: Results of a search in the UniProt KnowledgeBase (Swiss-PROT and TrEMBL) for MAP kinase phosphatases
Figure 3.11: Partial UniProt record for Dual Specificity Protein Phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) / MAP Kinase Phosphatase 2
Figure 3.12: UniProt Feature Aligner for Dual Specificity Protein Phosphatase 4 (DUSP4)
Figure 3.13: UniProt sequences at least 90% similar to Dual Specificity Protein Phosphatase 4 (DUSP4)
Figure 3.14: Front page of the Protein Kinase Resource, University of California at San Diego
Figure 3.15: UniProt sequences at least 90% similar to Dual Specificity Protein Phosphatase 4 (DUSP4)
Figure 4.16: Genomatica's SimPheny Systems Biology Model Development Process
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Bioinformatic Analyses of DNA/RNA Sequences
Table 2.2: Contribution of Bioinformatics to Genomics-Based Drug Discovery
Table 2.3: Databases and On-line Tools for Analyzing DNA Sequences and Signals
Table 2.4: Leading Sequence Comparison Servers
Table 2.5: BLAST Applications and Flavors
Table 2.6: Online Pairwise Alignment Programs
Table 2.7: Multiple Sequence Alignment Tools
Table 2.8: RNA Secondary Structure Prediction
Table 2.9: miRNA and siRNA Resources
Table 2.10: Selected genome-sequencing packages
Table 2.11: Phylogeny and Orthology
Table 2.12: Summary of patent-related genes in the major organisms
Table 3.13: Role of Bioinformatics in Protein Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Table 3.14: Selected Protein Databases
Table 3.15: On-line tools to test for protein transmembrane segments
Table 3.16: Principal Protein Domain Recognition Resources
Table 3.17: Protein Structure Prediction
Table 4.18: Software for Systems Biology
Table 7.19: World Bioinformatics Market, 2006-2011